A jet suction dredger, also known as a jet sand dredger in Chinese, utilizes the negative pressure (vacuum effect) generated by high-speed water flow to suck sand, rather than relying on the mechanical force of a traditional centrifugal dredger.

This non-mechanical sand extraction device is primarily suitable for extracting relatively homogeneous, fine-grained sand materials.

The core of a sand dredger is a high-power centrifugal pump. Its basic operating principle can be summarized as follows:

• Vacuum Generation: When the centrifugal pump starts, the high-speed rotation of the impeller expels air from the pump chamber and suction pipe, creating a vacuum (negative pressure).
• Suction of Material: Under atmospheric pressure and water pressure, the sand and water mixture is forced into the pump through a large suction pipe (sand suction head), filling the vacuum.
• Discharge: The sand and water mixture gains kinetic energy from the pump's impeller and is transported through the discharge pipe to designated locations such as barges, shore dumps, or landfills.

Note: The above technical parameters are for reference only. Specific device configuration depends on project conditions, customer requirements, and technical specifications.

Main Components
Hull: Provides buoyancy and a stable working platform.

Power System: Typically a diesel engine, it powers the water pumps and (if required) the propellers.

High-pressure water pump: A core component used to generate the required high-pressure water flow.

Sand suction and discharge pipes: Pipes that suck in and transport the sand and mud mixture.

Jet nozzle: A core component that converts the pressure energy of the high-pressure water flow into kinetic energy, forming a high-speed jet.

Mixing chamber: Where negative pressure is generated, sand and water are mixed.

Crane or davit: Used to raise and lower the sand suction head.

Main Application Scenarios

Sand dredgers have diverse applications beyond simple sand pumping:

• Dredging: Core application for removing silt and sediment from ports, waterways, and rivers to deepen channels and ensure safe navigation for large vessels.
• Land Reclamation: Cost-effective method of extracting sand underwater and transporting it via pipelines to create new usable land in coastal areas. Used in major projects like Dubai's Palm Islands, Shanghai Pudong Airport, and Shenzhen Qianhai.
• Sand Mining: Extracting construction and industrial sand from riverbeds, lakebeds, or seabeds as vital building materials.
• Environmental Protection and Water Conservancy Projects:
  • Reservoir desilting to restore capacity and function
  • Lake management to remove contaminated sediment and improve water quality
  • Dyke reinforcement using extracted sand for river and seawall projects
• Mining Operations: Extracting underwater precious minerals like diamonds, tin, and gold (in this application, called a "mining ship").

Sand dredgers are powerful engineering vessels that transform underwater topography and coastlines through efficient pumping systems. They serve as critical tools for waterway dredging and navigation maintenance, while also functioning as modern machines for land expansion and resource acquisition. These vessels play indispensable roles in global infrastructure development, resource exploration, and environmental management.